Hooke's Law (Stress-Strain Relation) (stress = k × strain)
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stress = k × strain
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| k | Modulus of elasticity (Pa) |
| strain | Fractional change in dimension (dimensionless) |
| stress | Restoring force per unit area (N m⁻² or Pa) |
When to use this
Valid only within the elastic limit (linear region OA of stress-strain curve). Beyond yield point, relationship is non-linear. Elastomers like rubber do not obey Hooke's law. Stress = F/A where F is applied force and A is cross-sectional area.