SHM Acceleration (a(t) = -ω²x(t) = -ω²A cos(ωt + φ))

jee-mainjee-advancedneet-ug

a(t) = -ω²x(t) = -ω²A cos(ωt + φ)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
a(t)Instantaneous acceleration at time t (m/s²)
x(t)Instantaneous displacement (m)
ω²AMaximum acceleration a_max (m/s²)

When to use this

The defining property of SHM: acceleration is proportional to displacement and directed towards mean position. a_max = ω²A occurs at extreme positions. Acceleration is zero at mean position. Acceleration is π out of phase with displacement. NCERT Eq. 13.11.