Boltzmann Constant (k_B = R/N_A)
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k_B = R/N_A
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| R | Universal gas constant = 8.314 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ |
| N_A | Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹ |
| k_B | Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J K⁻¹ |
When to use this
Bridges macroscopic (R, moles) and microscopic (k_B, molecules). PV = NkBT where N = total molecules. Per-molecule energy: ½mv²_rms = (3/2)kBT. k_B is the gas constant per molecule.