Electric Potential due to Dipole (V = kp cosθ/r²)
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V = kp cosθ/r²
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| V | Electric potential at point P (V) |
| k | Coulomb constant = 1/(4πε₀) ≈ 8.99×10⁹ N·m²/C² |
| p | Dipole moment (C·m) |
| r | Distance from dipole centre to point P (m), r >> d |
| θ | Angle from dipole axis to line joining centre to P |
When to use this
Valid for r >> d (far-field approximation). V = 0 on equatorial plane (θ = 90°). V ∝ 1/r² (faster falloff than point charge 1/r).