Shockley Ideal Diode Equation (I = I₀(e^(eV/kBT) − 1))

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I = I₀(e^(eV/kBT) − 1)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
IDiode current (A)
TAbsolute temperature (K)
VVoltage across diode (V), forward positive
eElementary charge (C)
I_0Reverse saturation current (A)
k_BBoltzmann constant (J/K)

When to use this

Ideal pn junction; negligible series resistance; thermal equilibrium at T. Forward bias: eV/k_B T ≫ 1 gives exponential growth; reverse: I ≈ −I_0 until breakdown.