CE Small-Signal Voltage Gain (low-frequency) (|A_v| ≈ g_m R_L ≈ β R_L / r_be)
jee-mainjee-advanced
|A_v| ≈ g_m R_L ≈ β R_L / r_be
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| β | Small-signal current gain h_fe |
| A_v | Voltage gain V_out/V_in (magnitude quoted) |
| R_L | Effective AC load at collector (Ω) |
| g_m | Transconductance I_C/V_T (S) |
| r_be | Base–emitter small-signal resistance (Ω) |
When to use this
CE amplifier, active region, low frequency, simple hybrid-π style; bypassed emitter for AC (or include R_E in advanced forms — not here).