Intensity of a sinusoidal EM plane wave in vacuum (I = ⟨S⟩ = ½ c ε₀ E₀² (vacuum plane wave))
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I = ⟨S⟩ = ½ c ε₀ E₀² (vacuum plane wave)
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| I | Intensity — average power per unit area (W/m²) |
| c | Speed of light in vacuum |
| E₀ | Peak electric field amplitude (V/m) |
| ε₀ | Permittivity of free space |
When to use this
Sinusoidal plane wave in vacuum; time-averaged Poynting magnitude.