Phase Angle and Power Factor (tan φ = (X_L−X_C)/R; power factor = cos φ)

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tan φ = (X_L−X_C)/R; power factor = cos φ

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
RResistance (Ω)
φPhase by which voltage leads current in series LCR (rad)
X_CCapacitive reactance (Ω)
X_LInductive reactance (Ω)

When to use this

Series LCR; φ > 0 means voltage leads current (more inductive than capacitive).