Instantaneous AC Voltage and Current (v = V₀ sin(ωt+φ_v))

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v = V₀ sin(ωt+φ_v)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
φPhase constant (rad)
ωAngular frequency (rad/s), ω = 2πf
V₀Peak voltage (V)

When to use this

Steady-state sinusoidal drive; linear circuit elements.