Homogeneous system AX = 0 (Square case: zero determinant ⇔ nontrivial nullspace; always trivial if)
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Square case: zero determinant ⇔ nontrivial nullspace; always trivial if A invertible.
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| X | Unknown column vector |
When to use this
For n×n equivalence with |A|=0; general case use rank(A)<n.