Conjugate and Modulus Squared (z̄ = x − iy; z·z̄ = |z|²)
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z̄ = x − iy; z·z̄ = |z|²
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| z̄ | Complex conjugate of z = x + iy |
| z z̄ | Product z·z̄ = x² + y² = |z|² (always real and ≥ 0) |
When to use this
For z = x + iy ∈ ℂ. Used to rationalize denominators and compute |z|² without square root.