Grignard addition to carbonyls (RMgX adds to C=O; acidic workup gives alcohol (1° from H₂CO, 2° from aldehyde, 3° from)

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RMgX adds to C=O; acidic workup gives alcohol (1° from H₂CO, 2° from aldehyde, 3° from ketone)

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
C=OCarbonyl electrophile
RMgXGrignard reagent

When to use this

Anhydrous ether; exclude water and acidic protons until workup; formaldehyde → 1° alcohol, other aldehyde → 2°, ketone → 3°.