Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (BOD measures oxygen required by aerobic microbes to oxidize biodegradable organic matter)

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BOD measures oxygen required by aerobic microbes to oxidize biodegradable organic matter in water — reported as mg O2 per litre (standard 5-day, 20 °C is commonly cited).

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
BODBiochemical oxygen demand (mg O2 / L typical reporting)
Dissolved O2O2 available in water — drops when pollution is high
Organic loadBiodegradable organics that consume dissolved O2

When to use this

Operational definition depends on incubation protocol; JEE focuses on concept: higher biodegradable organics → higher BOD → more polluted water.