Variable oxidation states of transition metals (Close (n-1)d and ns energies → many oxidation states; Mn shows +2 to +7)

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Close (n-1)d and ns energies → many oxidation states; Mn shows +2 to +7

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
nOxidation state (formal charge on metal)

When to use this

Energy difference between successive ionization steps small for d-block; variability peaks mid-series (Mn).