Variable oxidation states of transition metals (Close (n-1)d and ns energies → many oxidation states; Mn shows +2 to +7)
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Close (n-1)d and ns energies → many oxidation states; Mn shows +2 to +7
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| n | Oxidation state (formal charge on metal) |
When to use this
Energy difference between successive ionization steps small for d-block; variability peaks mid-series (Mn).