Synthetic detergent (e.g. anionic LAS) vs soap in hard water (Sulfonate head: calcium salts more soluble than fatty acid Ca soaps)
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Sulfonate head — calcium salts more soluble than fatty acid Ca soaps
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| R | Long alkyl chain (hydrophobic tail) |
When to use this
Detergents often work better in hard water; branching history (environmental) noted in NCERT context.