Soap structure (sodium/potassium salt of long-chain fatty acid) (RCOONa: polar carboxylate head, hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail)

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RCOONa — polar carboxylate head, hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
RSaturated/unsaturated long chain from fats/oils

When to use this

Forms micelles in water; cleans by emulsifying grease. Hard water causes scum with Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ soaps.