Formal charge (FC = V − N − B/2)

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FC = V − N − B/2

What each symbol means

SymbolWhat it stands for
BBonding electrons shared on that atom (both dots in bonds count)
NNon-bonding (lone-pair) electrons on the atom in the structure
VValence electrons on the free atom

When to use this

Lewis structure bookkeeping; sum of FC equals charge on ion.