Dipole moment (point-charge model) (μ = q × d (vector from − to + in chemistry convention))
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μ = q × d (vector from − to + in chemistry convention)
What each symbol means
| Symbol | What it stands for |
|---|---|
| d | Separation of charge centers (m) |
| q | Magnitude of partial charge (C) |
| \mu | Dipole moment; 1 D ≈ 3.336×10⁻³⁰ C·m |
When to use this
Gas-phase diatomic approximation; % ionic character compares μ_obs to μ_100% ionic.